Thailand has a population of about 60 million people of which about three fourths are ethnic Thais. There are many minorities living in Thailand and amongst them a percentage comprises of Chinese while the remaining are Vietnamese, Cambodian, Malays and hill tribes. In the early 19th and 20th century, Chinese immigrants came and settled down in Thailand. They married Thai women and changed their names from Chinese names to Thai ones. Most of them adopted Buddhism as their religion and learned to speak, read and write Thai. It was said that the Chinese immigrants were good at money making and they ended up becoming the best businessmen in Thailand.

Most people in Thailand are concentrated in rural areas and make money with farming and agriculture. However, industrialization is changing this trend and slowly people are migrating from villages to the capital city of Bangkok. The other reason being that due to bad farming practices, many villagers and farmers are not able to make money from their farms and end up coming to Bangkok in search of a livelihood. According to a recent survey, the urban population comprises of 37 percentage of the entire population of the country.

The government of Thailand is said to be successful in many aspects. The family planning is one of the most successful programs undertaken by the government of Thailand. It reduced percentage of birth rate from 3.1 percent to less than 1 percent. It is also successful in reducing the percentage of HIV patients. According to a recent census, there are approximately 60000 Thais affected with HIV / AIDS. A few years ago, it was estimated that by the end of 2006, thirty to fifty thousand Thais would die from HIV. In order to prevent this, the Thai government had undertaken annual public education campaigns and this has been successful to a certain extent by improving awareness and educating people on how to protect themselves from HIV.